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Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Sorghum

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Flowers:

Fruit:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (327)

Agrostis nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. (1810)
Andropogon besseri Kunth (1829)
Andropogon compactus Brot. (1804)
Andropogon niger (Ard.) Kunth (1829)
Andropogon rubens (Gaertn.) Kunth (1829)
Andropogon saccharatus (L.) Roxb. (1820)
Andropogon sorghum f. pallidus Chiov. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. aethiops (Körn.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. albidus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. badius Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. fragilis Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. fuscescens Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. glabrescens Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. holstii Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. japonicus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. lividus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. niger (Ard.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. pallidus Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. rubens (Alef.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. ruber Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. rubidus Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. splendidus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum subvar. sulfureus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. abyssinicus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. aegyptiacus Körn. (1887)
Andropogon sorghum var. aethiops Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. agricolarum Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. albofuscus Körn. (1894)
Andropogon sorghum var. albus Alef. (1866)
Andropogon sorghum var. amphibolus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. ankolib Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. arabicus Körn. (1894)
Andropogon sorghum var. arduinii (J.F.Gmel.) Alef. (1866)
Andropogon sorghum var. baumannii Körn. (1891)
Andropogon sorghum var. bicarinatus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. burmanicus Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. cafer (Ard.) Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. calcareus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. campanus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. caudatus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. cernuus (Ard.) Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. charisianus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. coimbatoricus Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. compactus Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. corymbosus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. densissimus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. dochna (Forssk.) C.Chr. (1922)
Andropogon sorghum var. durra (Forssk.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. ehrenbergianus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. elegans Körn. (1891)
Andropogon sorghum var. eois Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. fulvus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. glaberrimus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. globosus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. hians Hook.f. (1896)
Andropogon sorghum var. hirsutus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. hybridus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. intermedius Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. irungiformis Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. irungu Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. javanicus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. jucundus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. kerstingianus Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. lasiorhachis Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. leiostachyus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. leucospermus Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. mediocris Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. melanospermus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. miliiformis Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. neesii Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. nervosus (Besser ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. niger (Ard.) Alef. (1866)
Andropogon sorghum var. nitidus Chiov. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. obovatus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. ondongae Körn. (1891)
Andropogon sorghum var. ovatoellipticus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. ovulifer Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. pulcher Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao (1906)
Andropogon sorghum var. roxburghii Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. rubens Alef. (1866)
Andropogon sorghum var. rubrocernuus Körn. (1894)
Andropogon sorghum var. rufescens Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. rugulosus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. saccharatus (L.) Alef. (1866)
Andropogon sorghum var. schenkii Körn. (1891)
Andropogon sorghum var. schimperi Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. schumannii Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. subglabrescens Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. subglobosus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. submuticus Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. technicus Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. usaramensis Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon sorghum var. usorum (Nees) Körn. (1885)
Andropogon sorghum var. wightii Hack. (1889)
Andropogon sorghum var. yemensis Körn. (1894)
Andropogon sorghum var. ziegleri Busse & Pilg. (1902)
Andropogon subglabrescens Steud. (1854)
Andropogon truchmenorum Walp. (1852)
Andropogon usorum Steud. (1854)
Holcus albus Steud. (1821)
Holcus arduinoi J.F.Gmel. (1791)
Holcus cafer Ard. (1786)
Holcus caffrorum (Retz.) Thunb. (1794)
Holcus cernuus Ard. (1786)
Holcus compactus Lam. (1786)
Holcus dochna Forssk. (1775)
Holcus dora Mieg (1777)
Holcus duna J.F.Gmel. (1791)
Holcus durra Forssk. (1775)
Holcus ferrugineus Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Holcus niger Ard. (1786)
Holcus nigerrimus Ard. (1786)
Holcus nigricans Steud. (1841)
Holcus pyramidalis Steud. (1841)
Holcus rubens Gaertn. (1791)
Holcus saccharatus L. (1753)
Holcus saccharatus var. technicus (Körn.) Farw. (1918)
Holcus sorghum var. caffrorum (Retz.) L.H.Bailey (1923)
Holcus sorghum var. durra (Forssk.) L.H.Bailey (1923)
Holcus sorghum var. saccharatus (L.) L.H.Bailey (1923)
Holcus sorghum var. technicus (Körn.) L.H.Bailey (1923)
Milium compactum (Lam.) Cav. (1802)
Milium maximum Cav. (1803)
Milium nigricans Ruiz & Pav. (1798)
Milium sorgo Garsault (1764)
Panicum caffrorum Retz. (1781)
Panicum sacchariferum Salisb. (1796)
Sorghum abyssinicum (Hack.) Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum album Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Sorghum ankolib (Hack.) Stapf (1917)
Sorghum anomalum Desv. (1831)
Sorghum arduinoi (J.F.Gmel.) J.Jacq. (1814)
Sorghum basiplicatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum f. eburneum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum f. jodolepis Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum f. leucolepis Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. atropaniculatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. microcarpum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. pallescens Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. paniculatellum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. pseudoanfetum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. rubellum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. rubrogeminum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basiplicatum var. subflavescens Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum basutorum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum bicolor var. arduinii (J.F.Gmel.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum bicolor var. cafer (Ard.) Fosberg & Sachet (1984)
Sorghum bicolor var. caffrorum (Retz.) Mohlenbr. (1973)
Sorghum bicolor var. cernuum (Ard.) Ghișa (1972)
Sorghum bicolor var. exaristatum Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum bicolor var. miliiforme (Hack.) Teplyak. (1991)
Sorghum bicolor var. obovatum (Hack.) Fosberg & Sachet (1984)
Sorghum bicolor var. picigutta Snowden (1935)
Sorghum bicolor var. rotundulum (Snowden) Fosberg & Sachet (1984)
Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr. (1973)
Sorghum bicolor var. sikkimense (Snowden) Teplyak. (1991)
Sorghum bicolor var. subglabrescens (Steud.) Fosberg & Sachet (1984)
Sorghum bicolor var. subglobosum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum bicolor var. technicum (Körn.) Stapf ex Holland (1922)
Sorghum caffrorum (Retz.) P.Beauv. (1812)
Sorghum caffrorum var. albofuscum (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum caffrorum var. bicarinatum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum campanum Ten. & Guss. (1843)
Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf (1917)
Sorghum caudatum var. angolense (Rendle) Stapf (1917)
Sorghum caudatum var. aristatum Ivanjuk. (1983)
Sorghum caudatum var. coffeatum Ivanjuk. (1983)
Sorghum caudatum var. dicarpum Ivanjuk. (1983)
Sorghum caudatum var. purpureum Ivanjuk. (1983)
Sorghum centroplicatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. alborubrum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. dubium Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. ellipsoideum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. erythromelas Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. faregg Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. globosum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. incertum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. pallidocernuum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. perlarium Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. pseudoneesii Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. sabderatense Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. subcarneum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum centroplicatum var. tricolor Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host (1809)
Sorghum cernuum var. agricolarum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum cernuum var. armeniacum Ivanjuk. (1990)
Sorghum cernuum var. globosum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum cernuum var. orbiculatum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum cernuum var. subcylindricum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum cernuum var. truchmenorum (K.Koch) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum cernuum var. yemense (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum chinense Jakusch. (1949)
Sorghum commune P.Beauv. (1812)
Sorghum compactum Lag. (1816)
Sorghum conspicuum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum conspicuum var. orientale Snowden (1935)
Sorghum conspicuum var. usaramense Snowden (1935)
Sorghum coriaceum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. atrum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. burmanicum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. corymbosum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. formosum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. irungu (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. melliferum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. obovatum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. pulchrum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. technicum (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dochna var. wightii (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dora (Mieg) Cuoco (1897)
Sorghum dulcicaule Snowden (1935)
Sorghum dulcicaule var. griseolilacinum Ivanjuk. (1983)
Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Trab. (1895)
Sorghum durra var. aegyptiacum (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. coimbatoricum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. elongatum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. eois (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. fecundum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. fuscum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. javanicum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. maximum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. mediocre (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum durra var. rivulare Snowden (1935)
Sorghum elegans (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum eplicatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum f. dichrolepis Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum f. geminatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum f. laxum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. cereum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. erythrocarpum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. fiorii Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. hackelii Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. heterochromum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. melanoleucum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum eplicatum var. virescens Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum exsertum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum gambicum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum giganteum Edgew. (1853)
Sorghum glycychylum Pass. (1857)
Sorghum guineense Stapf (1917)
Sorghum halepense subsp. sativum (Hack.) Trab. (1895)
Sorghum halepense var. saccharatum (L.) Goiran (1910)
Sorghum japonicum (Hack.) Roshev. (1934)
Sorghum margaritiferum Stapf (1917)
Sorghum medioplicatum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum melaleucum Stapf (1917)
Sorghum melanocarpum Huber (1868)
Sorghum mellitum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum membranaceum var. baldratianum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum membranaceum var. ehrenbergianum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum membranaceum var. lateritium (Stapf) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum miliiforme (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum miliiforme var. rotundulum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum miliiforme var. sikkimense Snowden (1935)
Sorghum nankinense Huber (1867)
Sorghum negrosense Nesom (1908)
Sorghum nervosum Besser (1827)
Sorghum nigericum P.Vig. (1945)
Sorghum nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum nigricans var. angolense (Rendle) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum nigrum (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Sorghum notabile Snowden (1935)
Sorghum pallidum Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum papyrascens Stapf (1917)
Sorghum papyrascens var. lateritium Stapf (1917)
Sorghum pyramidale Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Sorghum rigidum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum rollii Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum roxburghii Stapf (1917)
Sorghum roxburghii var. farinosum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. fulvum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. hians (Hook.f.) Stapf (1917)
Sorghum roxburghii var. hirsutum (Busse & Pilg.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. jucundum (Busse & Pilg.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. mutabile Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. nanum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. parvum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum roxburghii var. semiclausum Stapf (1917)
Sorghum rubens Willd. (1809)
Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench (1794)
Sorghum saccharatum var. atrum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. burmanicum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. corymbosum (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. formosum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. giganteum Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. irungu (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. melliferum (Snowden) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. obovatum (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. papyraceum Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. pulchrum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. rubens (Gaertn.) Nees (1841)
Sorghum saccharatum var. technicum (Körn.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum saccharatum var. wightii (Hack.) Doronina & Ivanjuk. (1980)
Sorghum sativum (Hack.) Trab. (1895)
Sorghum schimperi (Hack.) Chiov. (1912)
Sorghum simulans Snowden (1935)
Sorghum splendidum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. (1864)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. arabicum (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. compactum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. irungiforme (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. latum Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. microcarpum (Chiov.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. oviforme Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. pabulare Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. paniculatellum (Chiov.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. rubidum (Burkill ex C.Benson & C.K.Subba Rao) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. rubrocernuum (Körn.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum subglabrescens var. rugulosum (Hack.) Snowden (1935)
Sorghum tataricum Huber (1867)
Sorghum technicum (Körn.) Trab. (1895)
Sorghum thonizzii Pasq. (1867)
Sorghum truchmenorum K.Koch (1848)
Sorghum usorum Nees (1841)
Sorghum vulgare subsp. technicum Husn. (1898)
Sorghum vulgare var. angolense Rendle (1899)
Sorghum vulgare var. caffrorum (Retz.) F.T.Hubb. & Rehder (1932)
Sorghum vulgare var. cernuum (Ard.) Fiori & Paoli (1895)
Sorghum vulgare var. durra (Forssk.) F.T.Hubb. & Rehder (1932)
Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum (Besser) Forbes & Hemsl. (1904)
Sorghum vulgare var. nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Hill (1937)
Sorghum vulgare var. roxburghii (Hack.) Haines (1934)
Sorghum vulgare var. rubens (Gaertn.) Pers. (1805)
Sorghum vulgare var. saccharatum (L.) Boerl. (1889)
Sorghum vulgare var. technicum (Körn.) Jáv. (1924)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Potentially naturalizing

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially naturalizing
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Only found in cultivation
Hawai'i Potentially naturalizing

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1594 (K, O, H); Herbst & Clayton 1998:35 (KEY); Oppenheimer 2003:22 (WM); Starr et al. 2006:39 (EM); Faccenda 2025b:123 (status change from nat to excl, no evidence of nat. populations, updated to subsp. bicolor)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
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